The Impact of Short Term Study Abroad on the Identity Development of College Students with Learning Disabilities and/or AD/HD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v11i1.149Keywords:
identity development, college students, learning disabilities, short-term study abroad, education abroadAbstract
This article explores the identity changes that college students with LD and/or AD/HD report after participating in a short-term study abroad program. The reflections of thirteen short-term study abroad participants, all of whom have been diagnosed with LD and/or AD/HD are presented. Particular attention is focused on the ways in which these identity changes impacted the students as learners and the factors unique to short-term study abroad that facilitated those identity changes. It concludes by proposing a model of identity development for students with LD and/or AD/HD and recommends methods for greater inclusion of students with LD and/or AD/HD in short-term study abroad programs. We hope that our findings will help to reframe notions about the ability and adaptability of students with LD and/or AD/HD, lower current barriers to participation in study abroad for students with LD and/or AD/HD, and contribute to the dynamic discussion currently underway about study abroad and student outcomes.
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References
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Atkinson, D.R., Morton, G., and Sue, D. W. (1983). Counseling American minorities. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
Barajas, H. L. & Higbee, J.L. (2003). Where do we go from here” Universal Design as a model for multicultural education. In J.L. Higbee (ed.), Curriculum transformation and disability: Implementing universal design in higher education (pp. 285–292). Minneapolis, MN.: Center for Research on Developmental Education and Urban Literacy.
Barkley, Russell A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self control. New York: Guilford Press.
Bassett, D., Polloway, E., Patton, J. (1994). Learning disabilities: Perspectives on adult development. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.), Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues, (pp. 10–19). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Belenky, M., Clinchy, B., Golderberg, N. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing. New York: Basic Books.
Bolen, M. (2001–2002). Basic student data and outcomes assessment in international education. The Forum on Education Abroad, archived at http://www.forumea.org/dataoutcome.html
Bollag, B. (2003, Nov 21). Report urges federal effort to triple number of students studying abroad. Chronicle of Higher Education, 50. Retrieved 9 2, 2004, from http://chronicle.com/free/v50/i13/13a03301.htm.
Brown, T. E. (2000). Attention-deficit disorders and co-morbidities in children, adolescents, and adults. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
Cherkes-Julkowski, M., Sharp, S., Stolzenberg, J. (1997). Rethinking attention deficit disorders. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Brookline Books.
Chickering, A. & Reisser, L. (1993). Education and identity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cross, W. (1991). Shades of black: Diversity in African American identity. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
D’Augelli, A., & Paterson, C. (Eds.). (1995). Lesbian, gay and bisexual identities across the life span. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Defur, S. & Reiff, H. (1994). Transition of youths with learning disabilities to adulthood: The secondary education foundation. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.), Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues (pp. 99–110). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Denehy, R. Sims, R. & Collins, H. Debriefing experiential learning exercises. A theoretical and practical guide for success. Journal of Management Education, 22 (1), 9–25.
Dunwoody, P.T., and Frank, M.L. (1995). Why students withdraw from classes. The Journal of Psychology, 6, 553.
DuPaul, G.J. , Schaughency, E.A., Weyandt, L.L., Tripp, G., Kiesner, J., Kenj, O., Stanish, H. (2001). Self-report of ADHD symptoms in university students: Cross-gender and cross-national prevalence. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(4), 370.
Durm, M. W., & Glaze, P.E. (2001, October). Construct validity for self-acceptance and fear of negative evaluating. Psychological Reports, 89 (2), 386.
Dwyer, M. (2004, Winter). Charting the impact of studying abroad, International Educator, 14–20.
Erlandson, D.A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
Farrell, E. F., (2003). Paying attention to students who can’t. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Gerber, P. & Reiff, H. (1994). Perspectives on adults with learning disabilities. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.) Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues, (pp. 3–9). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Gobbo, K. (2003). College student development programs and students with learning disabilities. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondary level (pp. 107–132 ). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Gottesman, R.L. (1994). The adult with learning disabilities: An overview. Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(1), 1–14.
Guba, E.G. & Lincoln, Y.S. (1992). Effective evaluation: Improving the usefulness of evaluation results through responsive and naturalistic approaches. Jossey-Bass.
Gunther-Mohr, S. (2003). Counseling students with learning disabilities. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondaryl level (pp. 77–106 ). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Haimester, B., Matthews, P., Hosley, N., Groff, M. (1999, Fall). College students with disabilities and study abroad: Implications for international education staff. Frontiers: The interdisciplinary journal of study abroad, 5. Retrieved Oct 15, 2003, from http://www.frontiers journal.com/issues/vol5/vol5–04.
Hallowell, E. & Ratey, J. (1994). Driven to distraction: Recognizing and coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from childhood through adulthood. New York: Pantheon Books.
Heath Resource Center. (2000). 2001 College freshmen with disabilities: A biennial statistical profile. American Council on Education.
Herbert, C. (2001). Making college classrooms accessible to students with and without learning disabilities. In S. Strothman (Ed.), Promoting academic success for students with learning disabilities (pp.1–27). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Hovde, P. (2002). Opening doors: Alternative pedagogies for short term study abroad programs. In S. Spencer & K. Tuma (Eds.,) The Guide to Successful Short term Programs Abroad (pp. 1–8). NAFSA: Association of International Educators.
Ideaus, K. (1998). Cultural Foundations of AD/HD: A Sociological Analysis of An American Concept. In P. Cooper, and Ideaus, K. (Eds.), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Educational, Medical and Cultural Issues (pp. 108–122). Kent, UK: The Association of Workers for Children with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). (1990).
Jacobson, K. (2002). ADHD in cross-cultural perspective: Some empirical results. American Anthropologist, 104 (1), 283–288.
Jensen, McCrary, Krampe, & Cooper. (2004). Trying to do the right thing: Faculty attitudes toward accomodating students with learning disabilities. Journal of postsecondary education and disability, 17 (2), 81–90.
Katz, L. (2003). The college student with AD/HD. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondary level (pp.33–62). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Katz, L., Goldstein, G., & Geckle, M. (1998). Neuropsychological and personality differences between men and women with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 2 (4), 239–248.
Kinsella, J., Smith-Simonet, M., Tuma, K. (1995). Orientation and reentry. In S. Spencer & K. Tuma (Eds.), The Guide to Successful Short term Programs Abroad (pp. 203–212). NAFSA: Association of International Educators.
Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning: Experiencing as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Levine, M. (2002). A mind at a time. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Levine, M. (1984). Educational care. Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service.
Marshall, C. & Rossman, G.B. (1998). Designing Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
Mastropieri, M.A. & Scruggs, T.E. (1999). Teaching students ways to remember: Strategies for learning mnemonically. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
Matthews, P. R., Haimeister, B. G., & Hosley, N.S. (1998). Attitudes of college students toward study abroad: Implications for disability service providers.
Journal of postsecondary education and disability, 13 (2), 67–77. McIntosh, P. Record number of US students studying abroad, report finds. International Information Programs. Retrieved Sept 2, 2004, from http://usinfo.state.go/gi/Archive/2003/Nov/18–453675.html
Meltzer, L.J., Roditi, B.N., Haynes, D.P.,Biddle, K. R., Paster, M., & Taber, S.E. (1996). Strategies for success: Classroom teaching techniques for students with learning problems. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Miller, M. (1997). Resilience in university students who have learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities, 8, 89–95.
Miller, M. & Fritz, M.F. (1998). A demonstration of resilience. Intervention in school and clinic, 33, 265–271.
Minskoff, E. (1994). Post-secondary education and vocational training: Keys to success for adults with learning disabilities. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.), Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues (pp. 111–120). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Novotni, M. & Whiteman, T. (2003). Adult AD/HD. Colorado Spring, CO: Pinon Press.
Peterson’s Guide to Study Abroad. (2004). Retrieved Sept. 2, 2004 from http://www.petersons.com/stdyabrd/sasector.html
Pliner, S. (1999). Listening to the learning disabled : College students’ selfperceptions of learning disabled identity. Unpublished dissertation. University of Massachusetts.
Pliszka, S., Carlson, C., & Swanson, J. (1999). ADHD with co-morbid disorders: Clinical assessment and management. New York: Guilford Press.
Ratey, J. (2002). A user’s guide to the brain. New York: Vintage Books.
Reiff, H. B. (1997, July/August). Academic advising: An approach from learning disabilities research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75(6), 433–40.
Reiff, H. & Gerber, P. (1994). Social/Emotional and daily living issues for adults with learning disabilities. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.,) Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues (pp. 72–81). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Reisser, L. (1995). Revisiting the seven vectors. Journal of College Student Development, 36 (6), 505–511.
Rock, E. E., Fessler, M.A., & Church, R. P. (1997). The concomitance of learning disabilities and emotional/behavioral disorders: A conceptual model. Journal of Learning Disabilities 30(3), 245–63.
Rubin, D. & Sutton, R. (1999). Assessing student learning outcomes from study abroad. Message posted to Open Doors on the Web, archived at http://www.opendoorsweb.org/Lead%20Stories/Assessment.htm
Saracoglu, B., Minden, H.A., & Wilchesky, M. (1989). The adjustment of students with learning disabilities to university and its relationship to selfesteem and self-efficacy. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22(9), 59–92.
Shmulsky, S. (2003). Social & emotional issues for students with learning disabilities. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondary level (pp.63–76). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Shmulsky, S. (2001). Developing critical thinking in college. In S. Strothman (Ed.), Promoting academic success for students with learning disabilities (pp.105–126). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Sidelli, K. (1999). SECUSSA/IIE Electronic sampling on outcomes assessment and study abroad programs. Message posted to Open Doors on the Web, archived at http://www.opendoorsweb.org/Lead%20Stories/Assessment.htm
Synatschk, K. (1995). College-bound students with learning disabilities: Assessment of readiness for academic success. LD OnLine, LD Forum. Retrieved May 14, 2004, from http://www.ldonline.org/ld_indepth/postsecondary/ldforum_assess.html
Valletutti, P. (1983). The social and emotional problems of children with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2(2), 17–29.
Vande Berg, M. (1999). The assessment of learning outcomes in study abroad. Message posted to Open Doors on the Web, archived at: http://www.opendoorsweb.org/Lead%20Stories/Assessment.htm
Vogel, S. (1998). Adults with learning disabilities: What learning disabilities specialists, adult literacy educators, and other service providers want and need to know. In S. Vogel & S. Reder (eds.), Learning disabilities, literacy and adult education (pp. 5–28). Baltimore, Maryland: Brookes Publishing.
Vogel, S., Leonard, F., Scales, W., Hayeslip, E., Hermanson, J, & Donnells, L. (1998). The national learning disabilities postsecondary data bank: An overview. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31 (3), 234–247.
Vogel, S. & Reder, S. (1998). Educational attainment of adults with learning disabilities. In S. Vogel & S. Reder (eds.), Learning disabilities, literacy and adult education (pp. 29–42). Baltimore, Maryland: Brookes Publishing.
Welsh , P & Palamas, C. (1995). A brief history of disability rights legislation in the United States. In Welch, P. (Ed.), Strategies for teaching universal design. Boston, MA: Adaptive Environments Center.
Weyandt, L.L., Iwaszuk, W., Fulton,K. Olerton, M., Beatty, N., Fouts, H., Schepman, S., Greenlaw, C. (2003). The internal restlessness scale: Performance of college students with and without ADHD. Jounal of Learning Disabilities, 36(4), 382–390.
Wiener, J. (2003). Resilience and multiple risks: A response to Bernice Wong. Learning Disabilities: Research & Practice, 18(2), 77–81.
Wilchesky, M. (1991). Beyond the 3 R’s: Social-emotional aspects of learning disabilities. Selected proceedings of the 1991 AHSSPPE conference. Columbus, OH: Association on Handicapped Student Service Programs in Postsecondary Education.
Wilchesky, M., & Minden, H.A. (1988). A comparison of learning disabled and non-learning disabled university students on selected measures. Proceedings of the 1988 AHSSPPE conference. Columbus, OH: Association on Handicapped Student Service Programs in Postsecondary Education.
Willcutt, E. G. (2000). Co-morbidity of reading disability and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: Differences by gender and subtype. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33(2), 179–91.
Wolf, L. (2001). College students with ADHD and other hidden disabilities: outcomes and interventions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 931, 385–395.
Anderson, D. (2004, May). Who are the underrepresented” Underrepresentation in education abroad newsletter, 1. Retrieved May 23, 2004, from http//: www.secussa.nafsa.org.
Atkinson, D.R., Morton, G., and Sue, D. W. (1983). Counseling American minorities. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
Barajas, H. L. & Higbee, J.L. (2003). Where do we go from here” Universal Design as a model for multicultural education. In J.L. Higbee (ed.), Curriculum transformation and disability: Implementing universal design in higher education (pp. 285–292). Minneapolis, MN.: Center for Research on Developmental Education and Urban Literacy.
Barkley, Russell A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self control. New York: Guilford Press.
Bassett, D., Polloway, E., Patton, J. (1994). Learning disabilities: Perspectives on adult development. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.), Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues, (pp. 10–19). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Belenky, M., Clinchy, B., Golderberg, N. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing. New York: Basic Books.
Bolen, M. (2001–2002). Basic student data and outcomes assessment in international education. The Forum on Education Abroad, archived at http://www.forumea.org/dataoutcome.html
Bollag, B. (2003, Nov 21). Report urges federal effort to triple number of students studying abroad. Chronicle of Higher Education, 50. Retrieved 9 2, 2004, from http://chronicle.com/free/v50/i13/13a03301.htm.
Brown, T. E. (2000). Attention-deficit disorders and co-morbidities in children, adolescents, and adults. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
Cherkes-Julkowski, M., Sharp, S., Stolzenberg, J. (1997). Rethinking attention deficit disorders. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Brookline Books.
Chickering, A. & Reisser, L. (1993). Education and identity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cross, W. (1991). Shades of black: Diversity in African American identity. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
D’Augelli, A., & Paterson, C. (Eds.). (1995). Lesbian, gay and bisexual identities across the life span. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Defur, S. & Reiff, H. (1994). Transition of youths with learning disabilities to adulthood: The secondary education foundation. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.), Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues (pp. 99–110). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Denehy, R. Sims, R. & Collins, H. Debriefing experiential learning exercises. A theoretical and practical guide for success. Journal of Management Education, 22 (1), 9–25.
Dunwoody, P.T., and Frank, M.L. (1995). Why students withdraw from classes. The Journal of Psychology, 6, 553.
DuPaul, G.J. , Schaughency, E.A., Weyandt, L.L., Tripp, G., Kiesner, J., Kenj, O., Stanish, H. (2001). Self-report of ADHD symptoms in university students: Cross-gender and cross-national prevalence. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(4), 370.
Durm, M. W., & Glaze, P.E. (2001, October). Construct validity for self-acceptance and fear of negative evaluating. Psychological Reports, 89 (2), 386.
Dwyer, M. (2004, Winter). Charting the impact of studying abroad, International Educator, 14–20.
Erlandson, D.A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
Farrell, E. F., (2003). Paying attention to students who can’t. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Gerber, P. & Reiff, H. (1994). Perspectives on adults with learning disabilities. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.) Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues, (pp. 3–9). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Gobbo, K. (2003). College student development programs and students with learning disabilities. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondary level (pp. 107–132 ). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Gottesman, R.L. (1994). The adult with learning disabilities: An overview. Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(1), 1–14.
Guba, E.G. & Lincoln, Y.S. (1992). Effective evaluation: Improving the usefulness of evaluation results through responsive and naturalistic approaches. Jossey-Bass.
Gunther-Mohr, S. (2003). Counseling students with learning disabilities. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondaryl level (pp. 77–106 ). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Haimester, B., Matthews, P., Hosley, N., Groff, M. (1999, Fall). College students with disabilities and study abroad: Implications for international education staff. Frontiers: The interdisciplinary journal of study abroad, 5. Retrieved Oct 15, 2003, from http://www.frontiers journal.com/issues/vol5/vol5–04.
Hallowell, E. & Ratey, J. (1994). Driven to distraction: Recognizing and coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from childhood through adulthood. New York: Pantheon Books.
Heath Resource Center. (2000). 2001 College freshmen with disabilities: A biennial statistical profile. American Council on Education.
Herbert, C. (2001). Making college classrooms accessible to students with and without learning disabilities. In S. Strothman (Ed.), Promoting academic success for students with learning disabilities (pp.1–27). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Hovde, P. (2002). Opening doors: Alternative pedagogies for short term study abroad programs. In S. Spencer & K. Tuma (Eds.,) The Guide to Successful Short term Programs Abroad (pp. 1–8). NAFSA: Association of International Educators.
Ideaus, K. (1998). Cultural Foundations of AD/HD: A Sociological Analysis of An American Concept. In P. Cooper, and Ideaus, K. (Eds.), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Educational, Medical and Cultural Issues (pp. 108–122). Kent, UK: The Association of Workers for Children with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). (1990).
Jacobson, K. (2002). ADHD in cross-cultural perspective: Some empirical results. American Anthropologist, 104 (1), 283–288.
Jensen, McCrary, Krampe, & Cooper. (2004). Trying to do the right thing: Faculty attitudes toward accomodating students with learning disabilities. Journal of postsecondary education and disability, 17 (2), 81–90.
Katz, L. (2003). The college student with AD/HD. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondary level (pp.33–62). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Katz, L., Goldstein, G., & Geckle, M. (1998). Neuropsychological and personality differences between men and women with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 2 (4), 239–248.
Kinsella, J., Smith-Simonet, M., Tuma, K. (1995). Orientation and reentry. In S. Spencer & K. Tuma (Eds.), The Guide to Successful Short term Programs Abroad (pp. 203–212). NAFSA: Association of International Educators.
Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning: Experiencing as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Levine, M. (2002). A mind at a time. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Levine, M. (1984). Educational care. Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service.
Marshall, C. & Rossman, G.B. (1998). Designing Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
Mastropieri, M.A. & Scruggs, T.E. (1999). Teaching students ways to remember: Strategies for learning mnemonically. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
Matthews, P. R., Haimeister, B. G., & Hosley, N.S. (1998). Attitudes of college students toward study abroad: Implications for disability service providers.
Journal of postsecondary education and disability, 13 (2), 67–77. McIntosh, P. Record number of US students studying abroad, report finds. International Information Programs. Retrieved Sept 2, 2004, from http://usinfo.state.go/gi/Archive/2003/Nov/18–453675.html
Meltzer, L.J., Roditi, B.N., Haynes, D.P.,Biddle, K. R., Paster, M., & Taber, S.E. (1996). Strategies for success: Classroom teaching techniques for students with learning problems. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Miller, M. (1997). Resilience in university students who have learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities, 8, 89–95.
Miller, M. & Fritz, M.F. (1998). A demonstration of resilience. Intervention in school and clinic, 33, 265–271.
Minskoff, E. (1994). Post-secondary education and vocational training: Keys to success for adults with learning disabilities. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.), Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues (pp. 111–120). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Novotni, M. & Whiteman, T. (2003). Adult AD/HD. Colorado Spring, CO: Pinon Press.
Peterson’s Guide to Study Abroad. (2004). Retrieved Sept. 2, 2004 from http://www.petersons.com/stdyabrd/sasector.html
Pliner, S. (1999). Listening to the learning disabled : College students’ selfperceptions of learning disabled identity. Unpublished dissertation. University of Massachusetts.
Pliszka, S., Carlson, C., & Swanson, J. (1999). ADHD with co-morbid disorders: Clinical assessment and management. New York: Guilford Press.
Ratey, J. (2002). A user’s guide to the brain. New York: Vintage Books.
Reiff, H. B. (1997, July/August). Academic advising: An approach from learning disabilities research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75(6), 433–40.
Reiff, H. & Gerber, P. (1994). Social/Emotional and daily living issues for adults with learning disabilities. In P. Gerber & H. Reiff (Eds.,) Learning disabilities in adulthood: Persisting problems and evolving issues (pp. 72–81). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
Reisser, L. (1995). Revisiting the seven vectors. Journal of College Student Development, 36 (6), 505–511.
Rock, E. E., Fessler, M.A., & Church, R. P. (1997). The concomitance of learning disabilities and emotional/behavioral disorders: A conceptual model. Journal of Learning Disabilities 30(3), 245–63.
Rubin, D. & Sutton, R. (1999). Assessing student learning outcomes from study abroad. Message posted to Open Doors on the Web, archived at http://www.opendoorsweb.org/Lead%20Stories/Assessment.htm
Saracoglu, B., Minden, H.A., & Wilchesky, M. (1989). The adjustment of students with learning disabilities to university and its relationship to selfesteem and self-efficacy. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22(9), 59–92.
Shmulsky, S. (2003). Social & emotional issues for students with learning disabilities. In L. C. Shea & S. Strothman (Eds.), Understanding learning disabilities at the postsecondary level (pp.63–76). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Shmulsky, S. (2001). Developing critical thinking in college. In S. Strothman (Ed.), Promoting academic success for students with learning disabilities (pp.105–126). Putney, VT: Landmark College.
Sidelli, K. (1999). SECUSSA/IIE Electronic sampling on outcomes assessment and study abroad programs. Message posted to Open Doors on the Web, archived at http://www.opendoorsweb.org/Lead%20Stories/Assessment.htm
Synatschk, K. (1995). College-bound students with learning disabilities: Assessment of readiness for academic success. LD OnLine, LD Forum. Retrieved May 14, 2004, from http://www.ldonline.org/ld_indepth/postsecondary/ldforum_assess.html
Valletutti, P. (1983). The social and emotional problems of children with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2(2), 17–29.
Vande Berg, M. (1999). The assessment of learning outcomes in study abroad. Message posted to Open Doors on the Web, archived at: http://www.opendoorsweb.org/Lead%20Stories/Assessment.htm
Vogel, S. (1998). Adults with learning disabilities: What learning disabilities specialists, adult literacy educators, and other service providers want and need to know. In S. Vogel & S. Reder (eds.), Learning disabilities, literacy and adult education (pp. 5–28). Baltimore, Maryland: Brookes Publishing.
Vogel, S., Leonard, F., Scales, W., Hayeslip, E., Hermanson, J, & Donnells, L. (1998). The national learning disabilities postsecondary data bank: An overview. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31 (3), 234–247.
Vogel, S. & Reder, S. (1998). Educational attainment of adults with learning disabilities. In S. Vogel & S. Reder (eds.), Learning disabilities, literacy and adult education (pp. 29–42). Baltimore, Maryland: Brookes Publishing.
Welsh , P & Palamas, C. (1995). A brief history of disability rights legislation in the United States. In Welch, P. (Ed.), Strategies for teaching universal design. Boston, MA: Adaptive Environments Center.
Weyandt, L.L., Iwaszuk, W., Fulton,K. Olerton, M., Beatty, N., Fouts, H., Schepman, S., Greenlaw, C. (2003). The internal restlessness scale: Performance of college students with and without ADHD. Jounal of Learning Disabilities, 36(4), 382–390.
Wiener, J. (2003). Resilience and multiple risks: A response to Bernice Wong. Learning Disabilities: Research & Practice, 18(2), 77–81.
Wilchesky, M. (1991). Beyond the 3 R’s: Social-emotional aspects of learning disabilities. Selected proceedings of the 1991 AHSSPPE conference. Columbus, OH: Association on Handicapped Student Service Programs in Postsecondary Education.
Wilchesky, M., & Minden, H.A. (1988). A comparison of learning disabled and non-learning disabled university students on selected measures. Proceedings of the 1988 AHSSPPE conference. Columbus, OH: Association on Handicapped Student Service Programs in Postsecondary Education.
Willcutt, E. G. (2000). Co-morbidity of reading disability and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: Differences by gender and subtype. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33(2), 179–91.
Wolf, L. (2001). College students with ADHD and other hidden disabilities: outcomes and interventions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 931, 385–395.
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Published
2005-08-15
How to Cite
Shames , W., & Alden, P. (2005). The Impact of Short Term Study Abroad on the Identity Development of College Students with Learning Disabilities and/or AD/HD. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 11(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v11i1.149
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