Writing to Host Nationals as Cross-Cultural Collaborative Learning in Study Abroad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v8i1.98Keywords:
study abroad, host nationals, cross-cultural learningAbstract
This essay is thus written for study-abroad instructors and directors who have been or who are interested in using writing as an effective structure of experiential education in study-abroad programs.
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References
Altschuler, Glenn. “La Dolce Semester: Studying Abroad is Most Students’ Favorite College Experience. But Not Necessarily for the Right Reasons.” The New York Times 8 April 2001, sec. 4A: 17.
Brislin, Richard. Cross-Cultural Encounters: Face-to-Face Interaction. New York: Pergamon, 1981.
Campell, Mary. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400-1600. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Cheng, Chin-Chuan. “Chinese Varieties of English.” In The Other Tongue: English across Cultures. Ed. Braj Kachru. 2nd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992. 162-77.
Clark, Steve. “Introduction.” Travel Writing and Empire: Postcolonial Theory in Transit. Ed. Steve Clark. London: Zed Books, 1999. 1-28.
Clifford, James. “Introduction.” Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Eds. James Clifford and George Marcus. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. 1-26.
…. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Literature, Ethnography and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.
Curtis, Barry and Claire Pajaczkowska. “ ‘Getting there’: travel, time and narrative.” Travelers’ Tales: Narratives of Home and Displacement. Eds. George Robertson, et al. New York: Routledge, 1994. 199-215.
Desruisseaux, Paul. “Fifteen Percent Rise in American Students Abroad Shows Popularity of Non-European Destinations.” Chronicle of Higher Education 10 Dec. 1999: A60.
Ede, Lisa and Andrea Lunsford. “Audience Addressed/Audience Invoked: The Role of Audience in Composition Theory and Pedagogy.” CROSS-TALK IN COMP THEORY: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva. Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English, 1997. 77-95.
Engle, John. “Creating More Rigorous and More Appropriate Study- Abroad Programs.” Chronicle of Higher Education 17 Mar. 1995: A56.
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer. Exchanging Writing, Exchanging Cultures: Lessons in School Reform from the United States and Great Britain. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Geloin, Chislaine. “Avoiding a U.S. Curriculum Transplant Abroad: The Ethnographic Project.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. Ed. Deborah Hill. Columbus: Renaissance, 1987. 23-34.
Goodman, Allan. “America Is Devaluing International Exchanges for Students and Scholars.” Chronicle of Higher Education 12 Mar. 1999: A56.
Hessler, Peter. River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
Holland, Patrick and Graham Huggan. Tourists with Typewriters: Critical Reflections on Contemporary Travel Writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.
Iyer, Pico. The Lady and the Monk: Four Seasons in Kyoto. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.
Kasikova, Stanislava. “Creating an International classroom through email.” Effective Teaching and Learning of Writing: Current Trends in Research. Eds. Gert Rijilaarsdam, Huub van den Bergh, and Michel Couzijn. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996. 124-35.
Kircher, Athanasius. China Illustrata. Trans. from the 1677 Latin edition by Charles Van Tuyl. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
Kline, Michael. “Study Abroad and the Liberal Arts: The Canon in Disarray.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. 1-14.
Korac-Kakabadse, Nada, et al. “Low-and High-Context Communication Patterns: Towards Mapping Cross-Cultural Encounters.” Cross Cultural Management 8 (2001): 3-24.
Laubscher, Michael. Encounters with Difference: Student Perceptions of the Role of Out-of-Class Experience. Westport: Greenwood, 1994.
Lee, Icy. “Exploring Reading-Writing Connections through a Pedagogical Focus on ‘Coherence.’ ” Canadian Modern Language Review 57 (2000): 352-6.
Leed, Eric. The Mind of the Traveler: From Gilgamesh to Global Tourism. New York: Basic Books, 1991.
Marcum, John. “Eliminate the Roadblocks.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 18 May 2001: B7-9.
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley. Selected Letters. Ed. Robert Halsband. London: Penguin Books, 1986.
Nash, Dennison. “Tourism as a Form of Imperialism.” Hosts and Guests. Ed. Valene Smith. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. 37-54.
O’Leary, Michael. Letter. Chronicle of Higher Education 12 May 1995: B4. Park, Douglas. “The Meaning of Audience.” The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook. Eds. Gary Tate, Edward Corbett and Nancy Myers. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 233-42.
Platt, John. “Some types of communicative strategies across cultures: Sense and sensitivity.” English across Cultures. 13-29.
Polo, Marco. The Travels. Trans. and intro. by Ronald Latham. Penguin Classics, 1972.
Pratt, Mary Louise. “Fieldwork in Common Places.” Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Eds. James Clifford and George Marcus. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. 27-50.
Samovar, Larry. Oral Communication: Speaking Across Cultures. 11th ed. Los Angeles: Roxbury, 2000.
Scheunpflug, Annette. “Cross-Cultural Encounters As a Way of Overcoming Xenophobia.” International Review of Education 43.1(1997): 109-16.
Schindler, Roslyn, et al. “The Classroom Abroad: Interdisciplinary Cross-Cultural Perspectives for the Adult Learner.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. 104-112.
Schwartz, Helen. “Cross-Cultural Team Teaching: E-mail for Literary Analysis.” Fiche: ED 319 060.
Sikkema, Mildred and Agnes Niyekawa. Design for Cross-Cultural Learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press, 1987.
Smagorinsky, Peter. “If Meaning is Constructed, What is it Made from? Toward a Cultural Theory of Reading.” Review of Educational Research 71 (2001): 133-39.
Stagl, Justin. A History of Curiosity: The Theory of Travel 1550-1800. Chur: Harwood, 1995.
Strevens, Peter. “English as an International Language: Directions in the 1990s.” The Other Tongue. Ed. Braj Kachru. Urbana: U of Illionis P, 1982. 1992 Rpt.
Talburt, Susan and Melissa Stewart. “What’s the Subject of Study Abroad?: Race, Gender, and ‘Living Culture’.” The Modern Language Journal 83 (1999): 163-75.
Vanouse, Donald. “American Readers and Writers in England.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. 74-82.
Wagner, Kenneth and Tony Magistrale. Writing Across Culture: An Introduction to Study Abroad and the Writing Process. New York: Peter Lang, 1995.
Wang, Ning. Tourism and Modernity: A Sociological Analysis. Amsterdam: Pergamon, 2000.
Ward, Martha. “Managing Student Cultural Shock: A Case from European Tirol.” Anthropology and Education Quarterly 30.2 (1999): 228-37.
Whalen, Brian. “Learning Outside the Home Culture: An Anatomy and Ecology of Memory.” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 2 (1996). <http://www.frontiersjournal.com
/back/two/l.html.> 1-22.
Wilkinson, John, ed. and trans. Egeria’s Travels. 3rd. ed. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1999.
Yamamoto, Traise. “ ‘As Natural as the Partnership of Sun and Moon’: The Logic of Sexualized Metonymy in Pictures from the Water Trade and The Lady and the Monk.” Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 4:2 (1996): 321-41.
Brislin, Richard. Cross-Cultural Encounters: Face-to-Face Interaction. New York: Pergamon, 1981.
Campell, Mary. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400-1600. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Cheng, Chin-Chuan. “Chinese Varieties of English.” In The Other Tongue: English across Cultures. Ed. Braj Kachru. 2nd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992. 162-77.
Clark, Steve. “Introduction.” Travel Writing and Empire: Postcolonial Theory in Transit. Ed. Steve Clark. London: Zed Books, 1999. 1-28.
Clifford, James. “Introduction.” Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Eds. James Clifford and George Marcus. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. 1-26.
…. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Literature, Ethnography and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.
Curtis, Barry and Claire Pajaczkowska. “ ‘Getting there’: travel, time and narrative.” Travelers’ Tales: Narratives of Home and Displacement. Eds. George Robertson, et al. New York: Routledge, 1994. 199-215.
Desruisseaux, Paul. “Fifteen Percent Rise in American Students Abroad Shows Popularity of Non-European Destinations.” Chronicle of Higher Education 10 Dec. 1999: A60.
Ede, Lisa and Andrea Lunsford. “Audience Addressed/Audience Invoked: The Role of Audience in Composition Theory and Pedagogy.” CROSS-TALK IN COMP THEORY: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva. Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English, 1997. 77-95.
Engle, John. “Creating More Rigorous and More Appropriate Study- Abroad Programs.” Chronicle of Higher Education 17 Mar. 1995: A56.
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer. Exchanging Writing, Exchanging Cultures: Lessons in School Reform from the United States and Great Britain. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Geloin, Chislaine. “Avoiding a U.S. Curriculum Transplant Abroad: The Ethnographic Project.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. Ed. Deborah Hill. Columbus: Renaissance, 1987. 23-34.
Goodman, Allan. “America Is Devaluing International Exchanges for Students and Scholars.” Chronicle of Higher Education 12 Mar. 1999: A56.
Hessler, Peter. River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
Holland, Patrick and Graham Huggan. Tourists with Typewriters: Critical Reflections on Contemporary Travel Writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.
Iyer, Pico. The Lady and the Monk: Four Seasons in Kyoto. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.
Kasikova, Stanislava. “Creating an International classroom through email.” Effective Teaching and Learning of Writing: Current Trends in Research. Eds. Gert Rijilaarsdam, Huub van den Bergh, and Michel Couzijn. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996. 124-35.
Kircher, Athanasius. China Illustrata. Trans. from the 1677 Latin edition by Charles Van Tuyl. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
Kline, Michael. “Study Abroad and the Liberal Arts: The Canon in Disarray.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. 1-14.
Korac-Kakabadse, Nada, et al. “Low-and High-Context Communication Patterns: Towards Mapping Cross-Cultural Encounters.” Cross Cultural Management 8 (2001): 3-24.
Laubscher, Michael. Encounters with Difference: Student Perceptions of the Role of Out-of-Class Experience. Westport: Greenwood, 1994.
Lee, Icy. “Exploring Reading-Writing Connections through a Pedagogical Focus on ‘Coherence.’ ” Canadian Modern Language Review 57 (2000): 352-6.
Leed, Eric. The Mind of the Traveler: From Gilgamesh to Global Tourism. New York: Basic Books, 1991.
Marcum, John. “Eliminate the Roadblocks.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 18 May 2001: B7-9.
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley. Selected Letters. Ed. Robert Halsband. London: Penguin Books, 1986.
Nash, Dennison. “Tourism as a Form of Imperialism.” Hosts and Guests. Ed. Valene Smith. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. 37-54.
O’Leary, Michael. Letter. Chronicle of Higher Education 12 May 1995: B4. Park, Douglas. “The Meaning of Audience.” The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook. Eds. Gary Tate, Edward Corbett and Nancy Myers. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 233-42.
Platt, John. “Some types of communicative strategies across cultures: Sense and sensitivity.” English across Cultures. 13-29.
Polo, Marco. The Travels. Trans. and intro. by Ronald Latham. Penguin Classics, 1972.
Pratt, Mary Louise. “Fieldwork in Common Places.” Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Eds. James Clifford and George Marcus. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. 27-50.
Samovar, Larry. Oral Communication: Speaking Across Cultures. 11th ed. Los Angeles: Roxbury, 2000.
Scheunpflug, Annette. “Cross-Cultural Encounters As a Way of Overcoming Xenophobia.” International Review of Education 43.1(1997): 109-16.
Schindler, Roslyn, et al. “The Classroom Abroad: Interdisciplinary Cross-Cultural Perspectives for the Adult Learner.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. 104-112.
Schwartz, Helen. “Cross-Cultural Team Teaching: E-mail for Literary Analysis.” Fiche: ED 319 060.
Sikkema, Mildred and Agnes Niyekawa. Design for Cross-Cultural Learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press, 1987.
Smagorinsky, Peter. “If Meaning is Constructed, What is it Made from? Toward a Cultural Theory of Reading.” Review of Educational Research 71 (2001): 133-39.
Stagl, Justin. A History of Curiosity: The Theory of Travel 1550-1800. Chur: Harwood, 1995.
Strevens, Peter. “English as an International Language: Directions in the 1990s.” The Other Tongue. Ed. Braj Kachru. Urbana: U of Illionis P, 1982. 1992 Rpt.
Talburt, Susan and Melissa Stewart. “What’s the Subject of Study Abroad?: Race, Gender, and ‘Living Culture’.” The Modern Language Journal 83 (1999): 163-75.
Vanouse, Donald. “American Readers and Writers in England.” Innovative Approaches to Curriculum Design in the Study Abroad Program. 74-82.
Wagner, Kenneth and Tony Magistrale. Writing Across Culture: An Introduction to Study Abroad and the Writing Process. New York: Peter Lang, 1995.
Wang, Ning. Tourism and Modernity: A Sociological Analysis. Amsterdam: Pergamon, 2000.
Ward, Martha. “Managing Student Cultural Shock: A Case from European Tirol.” Anthropology and Education Quarterly 30.2 (1999): 228-37.
Whalen, Brian. “Learning Outside the Home Culture: An Anatomy and Ecology of Memory.” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 2 (1996). <http://www.frontiersjournal.com
/back/two/l.html.> 1-22.
Wilkinson, John, ed. and trans. Egeria’s Travels. 3rd. ed. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1999.
Yamamoto, Traise. “ ‘As Natural as the Partnership of Sun and Moon’: The Logic of Sexualized Metonymy in Pictures from the Water Trade and The Lady and the Monk.” Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 4:2 (1996): 321-41.
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Published
2002-12-15
How to Cite
Chen, L. . (2002). Writing to Host Nationals as Cross-Cultural Collaborative Learning in Study Abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 8(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v8i1.98
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Research Articles
