Exploring the Benefits of Combined Outdoor Adventure Education and Dual-Immersion Short-Term Study Abroad Experiences

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v32i2.466

Keywords:

Outdoor adventure education, Study abroad, Experiential education, Learning outcomes, Critical elements

Abstract

Outdoor adventure education (OAE) and study abroad share many epistemological and pedagogical foundations and have been on parallel tracks for many years yet rarely intersect. This paper has two goals: (a) to invite study abroad researchers and practitioners to consider findings and practices from OAE to further enhance study abroad, and (b) to explore the benefits of combining OAE and study abroad practices by presenting such a model. Three questionnaires (pre, post, and 1-year after) were distributed to 32 students in 2012 and 2015 who participated in a combined OAE and dual-immersion study abroad experience. Responses were analyzed to identify central learning outcomes and critical elements. Overall, the findings affirm that the combined model of OAE and study abroad provided meaningful learning and point to a number of potential benefits of combining study abroad and OAE as an effective means of enhancing shared learning goals.

Abstract in Japanese

野外冒険教育(OAE)と留学(スタディアブロード)は認識論的にも教育学的にも、その土台とするところに共通点を持ちながら、これまで互いに関係づけて論じられることがなかった。この論文は次の2つの目標を持つ;1)スタディアブロードの研究者や実践者らが、OAE研究の成果や実践から知見を得ること、2)OAEとスタディアブロードの実践を組み合わせることの利点を、事例から探求すること。本研究では、OAEと二重イマージョンのスタディアブロードを織り交ぜた体験プログラムに2012年と2015年に参加した32人の大学生を対象として、質問用紙が三度(事前、事後、1年後)送られた。収集された回答は、プログラムからの主たる学びは何かと、それにつながった要素を焦点に分析された。その結果、OAEとスタディアブロードを組み合わせたプログラムは、価値ある学びを提供したことが明らかになった。また両者を組み合わせることは、互いに共通する教育目標をより高める効果的なやり方として、いくつもの利点を持つ可能性を示した。

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Morten Asfeldt, University of Alberta

Morten Asfeldt is Associate Professor of Physical Education (Outdoor Education) and has led educational expeditions for over 25 years. His research interests include many aspects of educational expeditions, place-conscious pedagogy, sense-of-community, and journaling. He has published in journals including the Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, the Journal of Experiential Education, the Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education and the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership.

Takako Takano, Waseda University

TAKANO Takako is a professor at Waseda University, Tokyo, offering lectures, fieldtrips, and practica linked to sustainability. She was the first director of Waseda’s summer sessions, chairs the educational charity ECOPLUS, providing sustainability education programs nationally and internationally, and is a committee member of many governmental and non-governmental organizations linked to environmental policies and outdoor and environmental education. She received Waseda University Teaching Award and Japan Outdoor Leaders Award in 2017.

References

Asfeldt, M., Hvenegaard, G., & Purc-Stephenson, R. (2018). Group Writing, Reflection, and Discovery: A Model for Enhancing Learning on Wilderness Educational Expeditions. Journal of Experiential Education, 41(3), 241–260. doi:10.1177/1053825917736330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825917736330

Asfeldt, M., & Hvenegaard, G. (2014). Perceived learning, critical elements and lasting impacts on university-based wilderness educational expeditions. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 14(2), 1–22. doi:10.1080/14729679.2013.789350 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2013.789350

Asfeldt, M., Urberg, I. and Henderson, B. (2009). Wolves, ptarmigan and lake trout: Critical elements of a northern Canadian place-conscious pedagogy. The Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 14, 33-41. Retrieved from https://cjee.lakeheadu.ca

Auerbach, C. & Silverstein, L., (2003). Qualitative date: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York University.

Baker, M. (2005). Landfulness in adventure-based programming: Promoting reconnection to the land. Journal of Experiential Education, 27(3), 267–276. doi:10.1177/105382590502700306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105382590502700306

Beames, S., Mackie, C., & Scrutton, R. (2018). Alumni perspectives on a boarding school outdoor education programme. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, doi:10.1080/14729679.2018.1557059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2018.1557059

Beames, S. & Brown, M. (2016). Adventurous learning: A pedagogy for a changing world. New York, NY: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315736488

Beames, S. (2004). Critical elements of an expedition experience. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 4(2), 145-158. doi:10.1080/14729670485200501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670485200501

Beames, S. & Stott, T. (2008). Raleigh International pilot study report. University of Edinburgh/University of Liverpool John Moores. Retrieved from http://www.education.ed.ac.uk/outdoored/research/beames_stott_pilot.pdf

Bell, H. L., Gibson, H. J., Tarrant, M. A., Perry, L. G., III, & Stoner, L. (2015). Transformational learning through study abroad: US students’ reflections on learning about sustainability in the South Pacific. Leisure Studies, 35(4), 389–405. doi:10.1080/02614367.2014.962585 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.962585

Boyle, D., Nackerud, L., & Kilpatrick, A. (1999). The road less traveled: Cross-cultural, international experiential learning. International Social Work, 42(2), 201–214. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/home/isw DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002087289904200208

Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. New York, NY: Fawcett Crest.

Clarke, I., Flaherty, T. B., Wright, N. D., & McMillen, R. M. (2009). Student intercultural proficiency from study abroad programs. Journal of Marketing Education, 31(2), 173–181. doi:10.1177/0273475309335583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475309335583

Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Dewey, J. (1938/1963). Experience and education. New York, NY: Macmillan. (Original work published 1938).

Gaia, A. C. (2015). Short-term faculty-led study abroad programs enhance cultural exchange and self-awareness. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 14(1), 21-31. Retrieved from: https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/IEJ/index

Hartman, E., & Kiely, R. (2014). A critical global citizenship. In P. Green & M. Johnson (Eds.), Crossing boundaries: Tension and transformation in international service-learning (pp. 215-242). Sterling, VA: Stylus.

Hattie, J., Marsh, H. W., Neill, J. T., & Richards, G. E. (1997). Adventure education and outward bound: Out-of-class experiences that make a lasting difference. Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 43-87. doi:10.2307/1170619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1170619

Intolubbe-Chmil, L., Spreen, C. A., & Swap, R. J. (2012). Transformative learning: Participant perspectives on international experiential education. Journal of Research in International Education, 11(2), 165–180. doi:10.1177/1475240912448041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240912448041

James, T. (2008). Sketch of a moving spirit: Kurt Hahn. In K. Warren, D. Mitten & T. Loeffler (Eds.), Theory and practice of experiential education (pp. 105-115). Boulder, CO: Association of Experiential Education.

Jessup-Anger, J. E., & Aragones, A. (2013). Students’ Peer Interactions Within a Cohort and in Host Countries During a Short-Term Study Abroad. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 50(1), 21–36. doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2013-0002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2013-0002

Jicking, B., Blenkinsop, S., Timmerman, N., Sitka-Sage, M. (Eds.). (2018). Wild pedagogies: Touchstones for re-negotiating education and the environment in the Anthropocene. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90176-3

Jones, S. R., Rowan-Kenyon, H. T., Ireland, S. M.-Y., Niehaus, E., & Skendall, K. C. (2012). The meaning students make as participants in short-term immersion programs. Journal of College Student Development, 53(2), 201–220. doi:10.1353/csd.2012.0026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0026

Leopold, A. (1949). A Sand County almanac: And sketches here and there. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Luig, T., Ballantyne, E. F., & Scott, K. K. (2011). Promoting Well-Being through Land-Based Pedagogy. International Journal of Health, Wellness & Society, 1(3), 13–26. doi:10.18848/2156-8960/CGP/v01i03/41181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/2156-8960/CGP/v01i03/41181

Lutterman-Aguilar, A. & Gingerich, O. (2002). Experiential pedagogy for study abroad: Educating for global citizenship. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 8, 41-82. Retrieved from https://frontiersjournal.org/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v8i1.94

Martin, A. J., & Leberman, S. (2005). Personal Learning or Prescribed Educational Outcomes: A Case Study of the Outward Bound Experience. Journal of Experiential Education, 28(1), 44–59. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jee DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105382590502800106

McKenzie, M. (2003). Beyond “the outward bound process:” Rethinking student learning. The Journal of Experiential Education, 26(1), 8-23. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jee DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105382590302600104

Meerts-Brandsma, L., Sibthorp, J., & Rochelle, S. (2019). Using transformative learning theory to understand outdoor adventure education. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning. doi:10.1080/14729679.2019.1686040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2019.1686040

Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Miner, J. (1999). The creation of Outward Bound. In J. Miles & S. Priest (Eds.). Adventure programming (pp. 55-64). State College, PA: Venture.

Morris, B. (1970). Ernest Thompson Seton and the origins of the woodcraft movement. Journal of Contemporary History, 5(2), 183. Retrieved from http://jch.sagepub.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002200947000500209

Morse, M. (2015). Being alive to the present: Perceiving meaning on a wilderness river journey. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 15(2), 168-180. doi:10.1080/14729679.2014.908401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2014.908401

Niendorf, B., & Alberts, H. (2017). Student cultural interaction in a short-term study abroad program. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 28(1), 64–71. doi:10.1080/08975930.2017.1316224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08975930.2017.1316224

Paisley, K., Furman, N., Sibthorp, J., & Gookin, J. (2008). Student learning in outdoor education: A case study from the national outdoor leadership school. The Journal of Experiential Education, 30(3), 201-207, 211-222. https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jee

Passmore, J. (1972). Outdoor education in Canada–1972. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Education Association.

Quay, J. and Seaman, J. (2013). John Dewey and education outdoors. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-215-0

Raffan, J. (1993). The experience of place: Exploring land as teacher. Journal of Experiential Education, 16, 39–45. https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jee DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105382599301600109

Raiola, E. & O’Keefe, M. (1999). Philosophy in practice: A history of adventure programming. In J. Miles & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure programming (pp. 45-53). State College: Venture.

Richards, L. (1999). Using NVivo in qualitative research. London, UK: Sage.

Richmond, D., Sibthorp, J., Gookin, J., Annarella, S., & Ferri, S. (2018). Complementing classroom learning through outdoor adventure education: out-of-school-time experiences that make a difference. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 18(1), 36–52. doi:10.1080/14729679.2017.1324313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2017.1324313

Roberts, J. (2012). Beyond learning by doing: Theoretical currents in experiential education. New York, NY: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203848081

Rowan-Kenyon, H. T., & Niehaus, E. K. (2011). One year later: The influence of short-term study abroad experiences on students. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 48(2), 213–228. doi:10.2202/1949-6605.6213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.6213

Salisbury, M. H., An, B. P., & Pascarella, E. T. (2013). The effect of study abroad on intercultural competence among undergraduate college students. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 50(1), 1–20. doi:10.1515/jsarp-2013-0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2013-0001

Stephens, C., Morford, Z., Cihon, T., Forand, E., & Neri-Hernandez, L. (2018). Exploring the Impact of Global Studies Experiences on Undergraduate Student Development: Some Curricular Considerations. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XXX(2), 63–76. Retrieved from https://frontiersjournal.org/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v30i2.412

Strange, H., & Gibson, H. (2017). An investigation of experiential and transformative learning in study abroad programs. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XXIX(1), 85–100. Retrieved from https://frontiersjournal.org/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v29i1.387

Sobel, D. (2005). Place-based education: Connecting classrooms and communities. Great Barrington, MA: The Orion Society.

Takano, T. (2010). A 20-year retrospective study of the impact of expeditions on Japanese participants. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 10(2), 77–94. doi:10.1080/14729679.2010.505707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2010.505707

Tarrant, M. A., Rubin, D. L., & Stoner, L. (2014). The added value of study abroad: Fostering a global citizenry. Journal of Studies in International Education, 18(2), 141–161. doi:10.1177/1028315313497589 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315313497589

Vandermaas-Peeler, M., Duncan-Bendix, J., & Biehl, M. (2018). “I have a better sense of how interconnected the world is”: Student perceptions of learning and global engagement during study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XXX(2), 117–135. Retrieved from https://frontiersjournal.org/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v30i2.416

van Nes, F., Abma, T., Jonsson, H., & Deeg, D. (2010). Language differences in qualitative research: is meaning lost in translation? European Journal of Ageing, 7(4), 313–316. doi:10.1007/s10433-010-0168-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-010-0168-y

Wall, S. (2009). The nurture of nature: Childhood, antimoderism, and Ontario summer camps, 1920-55. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press.

Wattchow, B., & Brown, M. (2011). A pedagogy of place: Outdoor education for a changing world. Clayton, Australia: Monash University.

Downloads

Published

2020-04-30

How to Cite

Asfeldt, M., & Takano, T. (2020). Exploring the Benefits of Combined Outdoor Adventure Education and Dual-Immersion Short-Term Study Abroad Experiences. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 32(2), 12–33. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v32i2.466